DAPTA is a synthetic peptide, functions as a viral entry inhibitor by targeting selectively CCR5, and shows potent anti-HIV activities. DAPTA potently inhibits specific CD4-dependent binding of gp120 Bal (IC50 = 0.06 nM) and CM235 (IC50 = 0.32 nM) to CCR5.

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive component in vivo, thus contributing to the immune regulatory role of fruits and herbs.

HIV-1 Rev (34-50) is a 17-aa peptide derived from the Rev-responsive element (RRE)-binding domains of Rev in HIV-1, with anti-HIV-1 activity. HIV-1 Rev peptide is a one of the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) derived from HIV-1 Rev protein residue 34-50. It is a RNA binding peptideand has been used to deliver macromolecules into cells.