Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is abundant in plants and originally derived from giant fennel (F. communis).

Bradykinin is an inflammatory mediator. It is a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate (enlarge) via the release of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor. Bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino acids.

[Met5]-Enkephalin, amide is an agonist for δ opioid receptors as well as putative ζ (zeta) opioid receptors.Met-enkephalin circulates in several forms, some of which may be derived from proteins other than proenkephalin A, and plasma levels of both free native, and peptidase-derivable Met-enkephalin are modulated physiologically.