Geranyl diphosphate (Geranyl pyrophosphate) is an isoprenoid, an intermediate in the synthesis of cannabinoids, and a substrate for the manufacture of volatile monoterpenes, which can be used by plants to acclimatize.

Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a recently identified intestinal epithelium-specific growth factor that has been shown to reduce the severity of inflammatory disorders of the intestine in rodent models. Currently Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 is used as a potential therapeutic agent for the human subjects with a broad variety of intestinal diseases characterized by intestinal damage and insufficiency.

Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid was first identified as a degradation product of sialic acids then as a derivative of the oxidation of the D-hydroxyproline isomers by mammalian D-amino acid oxidase.