Cemiplimab (Anti-Human PD-1) is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, serving as a checkpoint inhibitor.

Rehmannioside C is an iridoid glucoside. Rehmannioside C has been isolated from Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata.

Diaminopimelic acid or DAPA is a lysine-like amino acid derivative that is a key component of the bacterial cell wall. DAPA is incorporated or integrated into peptidoglycan of gram negative bacteria and is the attachment point for Braun's lipoprotein (BLP or Murein Lipoprotein). BLP is found in gram-negative cell walls and is one of the most abundant membrane proteins.