Scandoside, a cyclic enolide that can be isolated from Haemophilus difficile, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, and IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), and inhibits the nuclear transcription factor, kappa-B alpaha (IκB-α), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor phosphorylation.

Tomatidine decreases inducible NO synthase and COX-2 expression through suppression of I-κBα phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation and JNK activation, which in turn inhibits c-jun phosphorylation and Oct-2 expression.

5-hydroxy-78-dimethoxyflavone has anti-hypoxia activity it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice. 5-hydroxy-78-dimethoxyflavone significantly inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB in LPS/IFN-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.