Apelin biased agonist; exhibits bias for the G protein pathway. Stimulates endothelial NOS phosphorylation and expression, promotes proliferation, and attenuates apoptosis of human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in vitro. Shows positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects in vivo and improves cardiac structure and function in a model of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Asparagusic acid is unique to asparagus. It is responsible for the odorous urine excreted after eating asparagus. Its derivatives ihydroasparagusic acid have an anti-inflammatory effect.

TGP-377/421 (Targapre-miR-377/421) is a potent dual inhibitor that binds to and inhibits miR-377 and miR-421 at their functional sites.