Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), a 2,5-diketopiperazine extracted from the fruits of Mycobacterium chiliolyticum AZ2 and Mycobacterium leprae, possesses anti-inflammatory activity and virulence activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms (e.g., R. fascians LMG 3605) and inhibits Gram-positive plant pathogens.

MethADP (Adenosine 5'-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate) is a specific CD73 inhibitor that inhibits the enzyme ecto-5′-nucleotidase (ecto), which has been used in the study of neurological and cardiovascular diseases.

Wistin, isolated from Caragana sinica roots, is a PPARα and PPARγ agonist.