This is amino acids 86 to 100 fragment of class II-associated invariant chain peptide called CLIP. The major histocompatibility complex class II molecule displays peptide fragments of foreign proteins to trigger a defensive reaction from the immune system. Before insertion of the foreign peptides into the binding groove, a place-holding peptide CLIP is removed. This is accomplished by the molecule DM, which is shown to increase the dissociation rate of a CLIP peptide from class II.

(±)-Emodin bianthrone (compound 10), a natural product, exhibits antimalarial, antitubercular and ntifungal activities.

N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 (compound 2) is a N-acetyldopamine dimer that can be isolated from the yellow powder form Periostracum Cicadae with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, ROS generation, NO production, and NF-κB activity.