Desmosterol (24-Dehydrocholesterol) is a cholesterol biosynthesis intermediate that inhibits macrophage inflammatory vesicle activation and prevents vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.

p-Toluic Acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acids. 4-Methylbenzoic acid has been primarily detected in saliva.

5'-Deoxyadenosine is an oxidized nucleoside found in the urine of normal subjects. Oxidized nucleosides represent excellent biomarkers for determining the extent of damage in genetic material which has long been of interest in understanding the mechanism of aging neurodegenerative diseases and carcinogenesis.