Potent, high affinity apelin receptor agonist (IC50 = 0.27 nM; Kd = 0.51 nM). Exhibits no binding GPR15 and GPR25. Activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes self-renewal of hESCs via cell-cycle progression and protein translation. Also potentiates the TGFβ pathway, priming hESCs toward the endoderm lineage. Stimulates angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. Relaxes mouse aortic vessels. Functions as an anorexigenic hormone through activation of the AVP and CRH neurons in the PVN.

FCCP is a potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria that disrupts ATP synthesis by transporting protons across cell membranes.

FKBPL (FK506-binding protein like)-based peptide. Binds to and upregulates expression of CD44. Inhibits breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) growth. Decreases pluripotency markers and promotes differentiation of BCSCs. Also inhibits endothelial cell migration as well as tubule and microvessel formation in vitro and in vivo. Blocks tumor growth in xenograft models.