Agmatine sulfate is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets such as neurotransmitter systems ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

Alpha-hederin is a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin found in the seeds of Nigella sativa, with hemolytic and apoptotic properties.

[D-Tyr27,36, D-Thr32]-Neuropeptide Y, human