Phloretin is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport.

Pyrimidines are heterocyclic six-membered nitrogen-containing carbon ring structures with uracil cytosine and thymine being the basal structures of ribose-containing nucleosides (uridine cytidine and thymidine respectively) or deoxyribose-containing deoxynucleosides and their corresponding ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides.

2-O-cinnamoyl-1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose is a natural product.