Zedoarondiol has anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions by suppressing the phosphorylations of IKK and MAPKs, and by subsequently inactivating the NF-kappaB pathway.

Kemptide is a synthetic heptapeptide, acting as a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PK).

H-9 hydrochloride is a potent and competitive inhibitor of protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and cGMP.