Acetylshikonin exhibits weak cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IC5 of over 2 microM, exhibits the antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic effects by suppressing proliferation and angiogenic factors.

Ilexoside XLVIII is an acyl CoA cholesteryl acyl transferase ( ACAT ) inhibitor. Ilexoside XLVIII is a triterpene saponin isolated from an aqueous extract of the leaves of Ilex kudincha.

PIN1 inhibitor API-1 is a specific Pin1 inhibitor (IC50: 72.3 nM). PIN1 inhibitor API-1 retains the active conformation of pXPO5 and restores the ability of pXPO5 to transport pre-miRNAs from the nucleus to cytoplasm, thus up-regulating the anticancer miRNA biogenesis to suppress both in vitro and in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma development.