Glycoursodeoxycholic acid is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment.

Substance P (7-11) is a C-terminal fragment of Substance P, which can cause an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration as measured by the fluorescent dye Fura-2. In addition, the C-terminal fragment of SP, SP-(7-11), increased PGE2 and collagenase production at concentrations greater than 1 mM.

Astin A has antitumor activity.