Osteoporosis, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score less than -2.5 as measured by dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a common condition affecting 30% of women and 12% of men at some point in their lifetimes. Osteoporosis is defined as the presence of low trauma fractures in women after menopause or in men of similar age in the absence of a primary diagnosis or condition that weakens the skeleton.A large number of genes and polymorphisms have been identified as possible candidates for regulating bone mass, including transforming growth factor B1 (TGF-B1),bonemorphogenic proteins (BMPs), sclerostin (SOST), transcription factors such as Runx2, cathepsin K, type 1 collagen (TCIRG1), chloride channel 7 (CLCN7), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and estrogen receptor (ER-a).

References

1.Bandeira L, et al. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017;17(2):255–263.