Homogentisic acid shows interesting antioxidant and antiradical activities, and protective effect against thermal-cholesterol degradation, comparable to those of well known antioxidants.

Zerumbone is a natural monocyclic sesquiterpene first isolated from rhizomes of the wild ginger Z. zerumbet.It has also been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities contributing to immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects.

This LL-37 peptide is acetylated on the N-terminus and amidated on the C-terminus.It plays a key role in the first line of defense against local infection and systemic invasion of pathogens at sites of inflammation and wounds.