Xanthinol Nicotinate is a potent vasodilator that can easily enter the cell and causes an increase in glucose metabolism resulting in an increased energy.

Clindamycin palmitate HCl is a water soluble hydrochloride salt of the ester of clindamycin and palmitic acid and a lincosamide antibiotic.

alpha-Ketoglutarate is a key molecule in the TCA cycle. It can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor.