Annexin/lipocortin 1-mimetic peptide; inhibits leukocyte extravasation. Reduces neutrophil adhesion and emigration, and promotes detachment of neutrophils from activated mesenteric endothelium in mice in vivo.

D-Mannose is a hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants.

2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is the electron transfer mediator, can change glucose metabolism of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria.