Orexin A human, rat, mouse, a 33 amino acid excitatory neuropeptide, orchestrates diverse central and peripheral processes. Orexin A human, rat, mouse has been used to study its effect on the functioning of porcine pancreatic islets. It has also been used as an orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) antagonist to study the effect of orexin systems in the effect of etonogestrel on respiratory response to prolonged metabolic acidosis.

Saikosaponin b3 is isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L.. Saikosaponin b3 inhibits ACTH-induced lipolysis in the fat cells and exhibits analgesic effects.

Diethylnorspermine HCl (N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine tetrahydrochloride) potently induces SSAT (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase) mRNA and effectively stabilizes SSAT enzyme activity.