p-Cresol (4-methylphenol) is a partially lipophilic moiety which strongly binds to plasma protein (close to 100%) under normal conditions. p-Cresol is metabolized through conjugation mainly sulphation and glucuronization but removal of the unconjugated p-cresol is at least in part via the urine.

Thymulin is a peptide hormone which is mainly produced by thymic epithelial cells and it has immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

WST-1 is a cytotoxic, water-soluble tetrazolium salt that induces intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenases to undergo NADH-dependent enzymatic reactions, releasing water-soluble methylbenzene products.