Ac-EEVVAC-pNA is a chromogenic substrate for a continuous spectrophotometric assay of HCV NS3 protease. The sequence EEVVAC is derived from the 5A-5B cleavage junction of the HCV polyprotein.

LY294002 is a synthetic molecule inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ/β (IC50: 0.5/0.57/0.97 μM, in cell-free assays); more stable than Wortmannin in solution, and also is a blocker of autophagosome formation.

PACAP (1-27) (the N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.