α2β1 Integrin Ligand Peptide TFA interacts with the integrin receptor on the cell membrane and enters the cell to mediate extracellular signaling.It is a potential antagonist of the collagen receptor.

α-Conotoxin SI is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) blocker derived from sea snails and cone snails. α-Conotoxin SI can be used to study neurological disorders.

Acetoacetic acid (AcAc) is a weak organic acid that can be produced in the human liver under certain conditions of poor metabolism leading to excessive fatty acid breakdown (diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic ketoacidosis).