DL-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt is an α -hydroxyacid formed from the hydrolysis of (R) -5-oxy-2-tetrahydrofuran carboxylic acid, which is overproduced in human neurometabolic disease D-α -hydroxyglutaric uria. ?

Toyocamycin is an adenosine analog produced by Actinomycete, acts as an XBP1 inhibitor, inhibits IRE1α-induced ATP-dependent XBP1 mRNA cleavage (IC50: 80 nM).

Apelin-13 triTFA is the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor activating this G protein-coupled receptor with an EC50 value of 0.37 nM.