Shikonin is an TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor (IC50: 6.5 μM). Shikonin is also a selective PKM2 inhibitor and can also suppress activation of the NF-κB pathway and inhibit TNF-α.

FMRF is a peptide consisting of 4 amino acid residues.

22393-62-0_peak 2 exhibits some aspects of the antiestrogenic activity and other actions that may be connected to the estrogenic properties.