[Arg8]-Vasotocin is a hormone present in the neurohypophysis of nonmammalian vertebrates that is related to vasopressin and oxytocin.

Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity.

Maltoheptaose is an activator of phosphorylase B for the preparation of heptulose-2-phosphate.