Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity.

Melongenamides B-D and Cannabisin F have anti-inflammatory activity, they exhibit inhibitions of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values ranging from 16.2 to 58.5 uM.

Elamipretide (SS-31, MTP-131, Bendavia) is a novel cell-permeable antioxidant tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that targets inner mitochondrial membrane and prevents oxidative damage of neuronal cells and other cell types.