D-Isoleucine is a selective activator of Asc-1 antiporter, which enhances long-term potentiation at the hippocampal CA1-CA3 via release of endogenous D-serine.

Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) is an anabolic steroid that may be present naturally in the human body, albeit in minute quantities of less than 0.4 ng/ml.

AVE 0991, a nonpeptide analog of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], is an orally active Mas agonist with inhibitory effects on [125I]-Ang-(1-7) binding to bovine aortic endothelial cell membranes, and inhibits astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease by enhancing autophagy.