Aramchol also known as arachidyl amido cholanoic acid is a conjugate of arachidic acid and cholic acid. It reduces ex vivo cholesterol crystallization in native human bile and dissolves pre-formed cholesterol crystals in a dose-dependent manner.

Phosphoramide mustard is a toxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide with anticancer activity and ovarian toxicity that induces DNA damage.

Gluconolactone is a naturally-occurring food additive used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent.