(-)-Carvone is a natural product which probably has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities.

Hepcidin-1 (mouse) is an endogenous peptide hormone involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Hepcidin-1 (mouse) upregulates mRNA levels of TRAP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9 and increases TRAP-5b protein secretion. Hepcidin-1 (mouse) downregulates the level of FPN1 protein and increases intracellular iron. Hepcidin-1 (mouse) facilitates osteoclast differentiation.

Piperazine citrate, an organic compound, consists of a six-membered ring, containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions in the ring.