23-Butanedione (Diacetyl) the molecule implicated in the disease known as popcorn lung has now been implicated in amyloid-β peptide toxicity associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Diacetyl accelerates amyloid-β aggregation-a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

(Z)-PUGNAc, a potent O-GlcNAcase inhibitor more active than (E)-PUGNAc, removes O-GlcNAc from proteins (peptide O-GlcNAc-β-N-acetylaminoglucosidase) and can be used to increase levels of O-GlcNAc on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in vivo.

BC-DXI-843 is inhibitor of AIMP2-DX2, and is potential for development of novel therapeutics targeting AIMP2-DX2 in lung cancer.