8-Prenylkaempferol is an effective agent for attenuating pro-inflammatory NO induction, it may be an anti-inflammatory agent for suppressing influenza A virus-induced RANTES production acts by blocking PI3K-mediated transcriptional activation of NF-κB and IRF-3 and in part by interfering with IκB degradation which subsequently decreases NF-κB translocation.

Methyl 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate is a pyrazine that is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group at position 2 and an amino group at position 3.

Levofloxacin N-oxide is an impurity isolated from levofloxacin.