Bryonolic acid is a triterpenoid found in the Cucurbitaceae family of plants. Bryonolic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It has been found to exhibit antineoplastic activity.

Apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-xylopyranoside is a natural product from Viola yedoensis.

Glycyl-L-valine is a dipeptide composed of glycine and valine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism.