Elamipretide Triacetate is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that readily penetrates cell membranes and transiently localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it associates with cardiolipin.

Z-IETD-AFC is a fluorescent substrate for caspase-8 and granzyme B.

HA15 targets specifically BiP/GRP78/HSPA5. HA15 exhibits anti-cancerous activity on all melanoma cells tested, including cells isolated from patients and cells that developed resistance to BRAF inhibitors.