Ferric maltol is a ferric, non-salt-based oral iron formulation demonstrating improved tolerance in patients with previous intolerance to other iron formulations.

Apiin has inhibitory activity in-vitro on iNOS expression and nitrite production when added before LPS stimulation in the medium of J774.A1 cells.

Norepinephrine can stimulate apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the β-adrenergic pathway.