Glycodeoxycholic Acid induces apoptosis in hepatocytes by a mechanism associated with DNA cleavage by endonucleases. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment.

Tetrahydroalstonine is an indole alkaloid extracted from the fruit of Rhazya stricta and is a selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist. tetrahydroalstonine has shown antipsychotic activity in Rauwolfia tetraphylla.

Potent endogenous neuropeptide S receptor agonist (EC50 = 9.4 nM). Increases locomotor activity and wakefulness in mice. Also reduces anxiety-like behavior in mice.