2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (2-hydroxyisovaleric acid) is a metabolite found in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria methylmalonic acidemia propionic acidemia 3-ketothiolase deficiency isovaleric acidemia 3-methylcrotonylglycemia 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acidemia multiple carboxylase deficiency glutaric aciduria ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency glyceroluria tyrosinemia type I galactosemia and maple syrup urine disease.

2,3,4,6-Tetra-o-acetyl-alpha-galactosylpyranosyl bromide is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway.