Somatostatin-28 (sheep, human rat mouse) is a biologically active polypeptide, synthesised in the proximal intestinal epithelial cells. Somatostatin-28 (sheep, human rat mouse) suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without affecting circulating basal insulin concentration. Somatostatin-28 (sheep, human rat mouse) also targets to somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) to regulate GLP-1 secretion.

Dimethyl trisulfide is an organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide found in garlic onion broccoli and similar plants. Dimethyl trisulfide is a cyanide antidote.

Lactupicrin is a characteristic bitter sesquiterpene lactone that can relieve pain. Lactupicrin exhibits atheroprotective effect.