Aloenin aglycone (compound 13) is an NF-κB inhibitor that can be isolated from aloe exudate. Aloenin aglycone inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity (IC50: 18.7 μM). Aloenin aglycone (10 μM) also reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene expression after treatment of HepG2 cells with 10 ng/mL TNFα.

Potent apelin (APJ) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.93 nM). Bioactive fragment of ELA-32. Activates Gαi1 pathway and β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Reduces arterial pressure in rat hearts. Active in vivo.

DiI is a lipophilic membrane dye. It diffuses laterally to stain the entire cell. DiI is excited to emit orange-red fluorescence which is weak in water but strong and photostable when incorporated into membranes.