Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) sodium is an orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen sodium inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen sodium can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers[8].

MM3122 is a selective type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) inhibitor, IC50 = 0.34 nM. MM3122 effectively blocks TMPRSS2, thereby inhibiting the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV into human cells.

CCCP inhibits activation of STING and its downstream signalling molecules, TBK1 and IRF3. CCCP inhibits STING-mediated IFN-β production via disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).