Human LL-37 is a 37 amino acid cationic (6+) peptide and has been widely studied. LL-37 penetrates the bacterial membrane and forms pores in the membrane.

Picropodophyllin (PPP) is a specific IGF-1R inhibitor (IC50: 1 nM). Picropodophyllin specifically inhibits the activity and downregulates the cellular expression of IGF1R without interfering with activities of other growth factor receptors.

Dicentrine, (-)- is an aporphinic alkaloid found in several plant species, which showed significant antinociceptive activity in an acute model of visceral pain in mice.