PACAP (1-38), a novel neuropeptide isolated from the bovine hypothalamus is more active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC50=7 nM). PACAP 1-38 (10-9 M) increased substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), and VIP release. PACAP 1-38 (10-8 M) inhibited gastrin secretion and stimulated somatostatin secretion and motility dose-dependently.

Ginkgolic acid C13: exhibits the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

IMM-01 is a novel class of small-molecule agonists of the mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formins, which act downstream of Rho GTPases to assemble actin filaments, and their organization with microfilaments to establish and maintain cell polarity during migration and asymmetric division.