Brandioside shows strong antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, it significantly attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 microM; it exhibits significant inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation with the IC50 value of 4.6-25.7 μM.

Bintrafusp alfa (M7824) is a bifunctional fusion protein consisting of the extracellular structural domain of TGF-βRII (a TGF-β “trap”) fused to a monoclonal antibody against human immunoglobulin G1 fused to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1).

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) is a breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine. Serotonin and 5HIAA are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors and levels of these substances may be measured in the urine to test for carcinoid tumors (NCI).