Ac2-26 TFA, an active N-terminal peptide of annexin A1 (AnxA1), attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury. Ac2-26 also decreases AnxA1 protein expression, inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways in the injured lung tissue.

Bretazenil is a GABAA benzodiazepine site partial agonist. Bretazenil shows an EC50 of 10 nM for recombinant α1β1γ2.

Pyruvic acid is an intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates proteins and fats. In thiamine deficiency its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues especially in nervous structures.