Apocarotenal (trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal) is a carotenoid found in spinach and citrus fruits. Apocarotenal is used in fat-based food (margarine sauces salad dressing) beverages dairy products and sweets.

Pronase E is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes that is obtained from Streptomyces griseus and could digest protein into individual amino acids.

(-)-Epiafzelechin 3-O-gallate has antioxidant activity.