Elamipretide TFA is a cardiolipin peroxidase inhibitor and mitochondria-targeting peptide.

Dimethyl DL-glutamate is a cell-permeant glutamic acid derivative that enhances insulin release in response to glucose in isolated islets and in animal models of diabetes.

Grandifloroside shows good antioxidative and potent anti-inflammatory activities, it also exhibits potent inhibitory activity against TNF-α and 5α-reductase, suggests that it might be developed as a source of potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutic agent for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).