Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family.

Kuwanon K is a natural product that can be isolated from Morus Lhou.

E-3030 free acid is a potent dual activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARgamma, exhibiting significant antidiabetic and lipid-modulating effects. E-3030 decreases blood glucose, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids, and insulin levels, while increasing blood adiponectin levels. E-3030 improves glucose tolerance and shows remarkable triglyceride- and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects in animal models.