CTP disodium dihydrate is an agonist of P2X4 purinergic receptor.

This human neuropeptide of the RFamide peptide family with orexigenic activity may be also involved in the control of feeding behavior. The 26RFa gene is exclusively expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and in the lateral hypothalamic area. The primary structures of human, rat, and frog 26RFa exhibit ≈80% identity. Other data suggest also the potential role of the 26RFa peptide in the control of the gonadotropic axis.

Aristolactam A III (Aristololactam A III) is an alkaloid, with potantial cytotoxicity. Aristolactam A III can be isolated from Houttuyniae herba.