Malvidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has antioxidant activity.

Neuropeptide Y (1-24) (human) is a neuropeptide with potencies in inhibiting the electricity stimulated twitch response of rat vas deferens. Neuropeptide Y (1-24) (human) stimulates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neuronal activation in the rat CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus in vivo.

P7C3-OMe, a pro-neurogenic agent, has therapeutic benefits in neurodegenerative diseases. The R-enantiomer of P7C3-OMe is far more active than the S-enantiomer.