Chikusetsusaponin-IVa methyl ester

Activator of protein kinase C; attached to cell permeabilization Antennapedia domain vector peptide. Consists of peptide derived from the C2 domain of PKC β linked by a disulfide bridge to the Antennapedia domain vector peptide. The Antennapedia peptide is actively taken up by intact cells, at 4 or 37°C, ensuring rapid and effective uptake of the activator peptide. Once inside the cell, the disulfide bonds are subjected to reduction in the cytoplasm leading to release of the activator peptide.

Gypenoside XIII is belonging to the gypenosides. Gypenosides, extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, protect against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.